What is Compiler Design?
A compiler translates the code written in one language to some other language without changing the meaning of the program.
A compiler acts as a translator, transforming human-oriented programming languages into computer-oriented machine languages.
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Compiler performs two major tasks:
· Analysis of the source program
· Synthesis of a machine-language program
Compiler Phases:
The compilation process is a sequence of various phases.
1.Lexical analysis:
Lexical analysis is the first phase of a compiler.
It takes the modified source code from language pre-processors and breaks these syntaxes into a series of tokens, by removing any whitespace or comments in the source code.
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2. Syntax Analysis:
It takes the token produced by lexical analysis as input and generates a parse tree (or syntax tree).
3. Semantic Analysis:
Semantic analysis checks whether the parse tree constructed follows the rules of language. For example, assignment of values is between compatible data types, and adding string to an integer.
4. Intermediate Code Generation:
Interpreters are easier to write and can provide better error messages (symbol table is still available)
5. Code Optimization:
The next phase does code optimization of the intermediate code.
6. Code Generation:
In this phase, the code generator takes the optimized representation of the intermediate code and maps it to the target machine language.
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