One of the four foundations of object-oriented programming (OOP) is inheritance. Inheritance is the ability for one class to acquire properties and characteristics of another class. Inheritance allows derived or child classes to inherit and reuse members of the base class, allowing web developers to reuse code.
To understand the concept of inheritance, consider a real-world example. For example, speaking, walking, and eating. However, these properties are not specifically inherited only by his parents. His parents inherit these properties from another class: mammals. This mammal class also inherits these properties from the animal class. Inheritance works the same way.
Single Inheritance
Of all the inheritance kinds in C++, single inheritance is the most basic. The properties of a base class are passed down to a single class in this inheritance scheme. The derived class can access all of the base class's data members in accordance with the visibility mode—private, protected, or public—that was specified during inheritance.
Example:
class base_class_one
{
 // class definition
};
class derived_class: visibility_mode base_class_one
{
 // class definition
};
Multiple Inheritances
Multiple inheritance is a type of inheritance where a class can have multiple base classes or inherit or derive properties from many classes. In inheritance, access specifiers are specified separately for each base class. A derived or child class can access data members of all base classes according to access specifiers, and a derived class can derive combined characteristics of all these classes.
Example:
class base_class_one
{
 // class definition
};
class base_class_two
{
 // class definition
};
class derived_class: visibility_mode_one base_class_one, visibility_mode_two base_class_two
{
   // class definition
};
Multilevel Inheritance
Inheritance that allows a class to be derived from another derived class is called multilevel inheritance. Well, let's say we have three classes A, B and C.
A is a base class derived from class B. Therefore, B is a derived class of A. Now C is a class derived from class B. This makes class B a base class for class C, but a derived class for class A. This scenario is called multilevel inheritance.
Data members of each base class are accessed by their respective derived classes according to the specified visibility mode.
Example:
class class_DemoA
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoB: visibility_mode class_DemoA
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoC: visibility_mode class_DemoB
{
// class definition
};
Hybrid Inheritance
As the name suggests, a hybrid inheritance consists in two or more types of inheritance. For example, classes in a program are arranged so that they have both simple inheritance and hierarchical inheritance. Such an arrangement is known as hybrid inheritance. This is probably the most complex of all types of inheritance in C++. Data members of the base class are accessed according to the specified visibility mode.
Example:
class class_DemoA
{
 // class definition
};
class class_DemoB: visibility_mode class_DemoA
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoC : visibility_mode class_DemoA
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoD: visibility_mode class_DemoB
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoE: visibility_mode class_DemoC
{
// class definition
};
Hierarchical Inheritance
Inheritance where a single base class inherits multiple derived classes is called hierarchical inheritance. This inheritance has a tree-like structure because each class acts as a base class for one or more of his child classes. The visibility mode of each derived class is specified separately during inheritance and accesses data members accordingly.
Example:-
class class_DemoA
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoB
{
 // class definition
};
class class_DemoC: visibility_mode class_DemoA, visibility_mode class_DemoB
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoD: visibility_mode class_DemoC
{
// class definition
};
class class_DemoE: visibility_mode class_DemoC
{
// class definition
};
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